Dry eyes are a widespread yet frequently underestimated condition that affects many individuals globally, characterized by inadequate lubrication on the surface of the eyes, which can lead to discomfort, irritation, and, in some cases, more serious vision complications. Factors such as aging, environmental conditions, prolonged screen time, and certain medical issues contribute to the increasing prevalence of dry eyes in our fast-paced, digital world.

What are the causes?

Dry eye disease occurs when the tear film, which is composed of oils, water, and mucus, becomes disrupted. This disruption can result from various factors, including hormonal changes, autoimmune diseases, eyelid issues, and allergies. Some individuals may produce fewer tears, while others experience excessive tear evaporation. Aging often contributes to decreased tear production due to hormonal fluctuations, affecting both men and women, though it is more prevalent in women, particularly after menopause. Additionally, conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, thyroid disease, and lupus can exacerbate the issue.

Environmental factors such as smoke, wind, and dry climates also play a role, as do lifestyle habits like prolonged computer use, reading, and reduced blinking. Long-term contact lens wear and refractive surgeries like LASIK can further aggravate dry eyes. Certain medications, including diuretics, beta-blockers, antihistamines, sleeping pills, and various heartburn medications, can also lead to increased dryness.

Types of disease

This isn’t just about a lack of tears; there are different types of this condition. Aqueous deficient dry eye occurs when the lacrimal glands in the upper, outer corners of your eyes do not produce enough watery tears, often due to inflammation from autoimmune conditions. Evaporative dry eye happens when tears evaporate too quickly because of meibomian gland dysfunction, which impairs the production of the oily layer of the tear film. There is also a mixed type, which is a combination of both aqueous deficiency and evaporative issues.

Dry eye can sometimes be a symptom of other underlying health issues. For instance, Sjögren’s syndrome affects approximately 10% of individuals with aqueous deficiency. Additionally, people with diabetes face a 50% chance of developing this as a complication. Thyroid eye disease, an autoimmune disorder affecting the tissues and muscles around the eyes, can lead to inflammation and bulging. Lastly, blepharitis, the inflammation of the eyelids, can also contribute to symptoms.

What are the symptoms?

• Scratchy, gritty, or sandy sensation in the eye 
• Sensitivity to light 
• Blurred or changed vision 
• Mucus coming out of the eye 
• Watery eyes  

Why watery eyes? Even though it might seem counterintuitive, watery eyes can be a symptom of dry eye. This occurs when the meibomian glands don’t produce enough oil to protect the watery layer of the tear film. As a result, the tears evaporate quickly, causing the lacrimal glands to produce more tears to compensate. However, these additional tears can’t effectively coat the eye without the necessary oil, leading to continued discomfort. 

Risk factors for dry eyes

Older individuals, especially those over 50, are more prone to symptoms due to decreased tear production. Women are particularly affected, especially during hormonal changes such as pregnancy, birth control use, or menopause. A diet lacking in vitamin A (found in liver, carrots, and broccoli) or omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, walnuts, and vegetable oils) can also contribute to the issue. Lifestyle factors, such as wearing contact lenses or having a history of refractive surgery, increase risk as well. Environmental factors like pollution, low humidity, and sick building syndrome can exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, certain medications, including antihistamines, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and isotretinoin, are associated with dryness.

How to treat dry eye?

Treatment options for this condition vary depending on the underlying cause. Common approaches include over-the-counter eye drops, such as artificial tears, moisturizing gels, and ointments, which can provide relief for mild cases. Prescription medications like cyclosporine and lifitegrast are eye drops that stimulate tear production. Lifestyle changes can also be beneficial; avoiding irritants like smoke and wind, using a humidifier, limiting screen time, wearing sunglasses, staying hydrated, and ensuring adequate sleep can help alleviate symptoms.

Additionally, punctal plugs can be inserted into the tear ducts to prevent excessive tear drainage, while surgery may be considered in rare cases to correct eyelid laxity and improve tear retention. Treating any underlying health conditions is crucial for symptom relief, and it’s important to adhere to your doctor’s instructions for using eye drops and to report any worsening symptoms during regular follow-ups.

How Eyewear Can Help

• Sunglasses and safety glasses can shield your eyes from harmful UV rays, wind, and dust. 
• Tear duct plugs can help retain tears on the eye’s surface. 
• Blue light-blocking glasses and corrective lenses can alleviate eye strain and fatigue. 
• Wraparound sunglasses can provide a protective barrier against wind and dry air. 

Spectrum is Here To Help!

Experience the difference with Spectrum Eyewear! Our collection is designed not only to enhance your vision but also to promote eye health. With stylish frames and high-quality lenses that provide protection against harmful UV rays and blue light, you can safeguard your eyes while looking your best. Don’t let discomfort hold you back—explore our range of eyewear solutions today and find the perfect pair that suits your style and needs. Visit our store to start your journey with a FREE eye check!

Location: 192 Nguyen Van Huong, Thao Dien, District 2, Ho Chi Minh City 700000 
Contact: 028 7307 6268 

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